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A new mineral has been discovered by geochemists in a South African diamond. It turns out that ancient minerals are quite common in the form of inclusions in these precious stones. Therefore, diamonds can be called a kind of "time capsule", capable of preserving, thanks to its exceptional structure, individual inclusions up to billions of years. Such diamonds are not so highly valued among jewelers, but cause the highest interest of scientists around the world.
After a special geo-thermobarometric analysis, the new mineral was named "Goldschmidtite" (goldschmidtite), - in honor of the famous chemist and geophysicist, one of the founders of Geochemistry, Victor Moritz Goldschmidt.
Scientists have found that a tiny, (only 100 micrometers) dark green mineral was formed at a depth of 170 m below The earth's surface.
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The company "Marketing Union" annually conducts a full scan of the database, posted on the website www.msouz.ru .
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Shale is a widespread rock with a special, layered structure consisting of parallel arranged, pressed together various minerals. The origin of the rock is associated with active centuries-old processes in the thickness of the earth's crust or at the bottom of the seas (the impact of temperature, pressure, water and gas solutions). Most of the oil shale mined nowadays is more than 300 million years old!
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Currently, digital technology allows to track the path of natural stone, from its deposits and production to marketplace. This process can be carried out through a special platform created on the basis of the Blockchain. At the moment, blockchain technology is already actively used in the industry of precious stones.
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Natural stones are widely used in the interior of modern premises, because they not only look beautiful and noble, but also are durable and environmentally friendly material.
The most common type of natural stone used in the interior of houses and apartments is granite. Granite is widely used in the decoration of floors, stairs, bathrooms, fireplaces; it is made of countertops and window sills. The color palette of granite is very diverse; in addition to the motley pink-red-gray, it is also milky white and black.
Another popular natural stone for interior decoration is marble. Marble is used to create mosaic compositions, for facing fireplaces and fountains; it is also made of countertops, floors, vases, columns and balusters. Marble is often white and grayish colors, but depending on the impurities can be colored.
In addition to the most popular granite and marble, the interior also uses natural stones such as onyx, slate, gabbro, labradorite, travertine, Sandstone, etc.
Natural stones bring with them a particle of nature and make the house more cozy. And the right choice of natural stone for the interior depends on the purpose of the room, physical and mechanical properties of the stone, its pattern and texture.
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To machines and equipment for stone processing high demands: they must have high accuracy and performance.
Currently, there are many machines and equipment for processing natural stone.
For example, for cutting stone slabs is most often used lapidary machines; to split rocks and receiving bars of the desired size, - splitting machines; for grinding stone and obtain rubble-stone crushing, production of paving blocks or paving slabs, and stamping press; for final processing of stone products, grinding machines; to create the stone decorative elements and engraving machines. There are also profiling machines designed to pump the profile on the blank stone; multifunctional machines focused on the production of a wide range of products made of natural stone, from countertops to Souvenirs.
Equipment for stone widely presented special nozzles, brushes, disks, tickertape, face plates, rollers, etc.
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Methods of processing natural stone
Methods of processing of natural stone today a lot: sawing, grinding, polishing, polishing, chipping, heat treatment, buchardirovanie, brushing, tumbling, splitting, etching, hydrophobization, fluating, sandblasting and water blasting. Consider as briefly as possible each of the methods of processing natural stone.
Sawing-sawing stone, after which its surface acquires a slight uneven roughness.
Grinding-leveling the surface of the stone with abrasives to achieve a smooth but rough surface.
Polishing-smooth grinding, - smoothing the surface of the stone (but without Shine) by means of fine grinding with micro-powder spraying.
Polishing-the maximum smoothing of the surface of the stone to a mirror Shine with the effect of reflection.
Cleavage-giving the stone a natural texture of "rock" (with bumps, hollows, bulges, etc.).
Heat treatment-treatment of natural stone flame high temperature (2500ºC) to obtain the effect of grain.
Buchardirovannuju – stone processing machines with nozzles (Bouchard) for imparting a uniformly roughened surface.
Brushing-treatment of stone with special brushes to give a rough surface or the effect of aging.
Tumbling-processing of stone in tumbling machines with abrasive to achieve the effect of smooth sea pebbles.
Splitting-separation of natural fibers from the bulk of the rock thinner slab-like piece (flagstone) to obtain a layered structure.
Etching-surface treatment of stone chemicals to give roughness and the effect of ennobling.
Hydrophobization-impregnation of the stone with special compositions to obtain a moisture-proof surface.
Fluoridation-treatment of stone with fluoride compounds to increase strength and frost resistance.
Sandblasting and waterblasting-spraying sand on the surface of the stone with a stream of air or water to purify and roughen.
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Methods of extraction of natural stone
Currently, there are three main methods of extraction of natural stone.
The first method is blasting. When using this method, holes are drilled in the rock, where charges with explosives are laid and then explode. This method is the cheapest and available, but has a disadvantage, which consists in the appearance of microcracks in the structure of the stone, resulting in the rock crumbles, its overall quality deteriorates significantly.
The second method of extraction of natural stone is called "air cushion". It consists in the fact that holes are made in the rock, where a reservoir is placed, which is filled with air under high pressure, as a result of which cracks appear and the rock is fractured. In this method, it is possible to avoid microcracks and crumbling of the stone, thereby increasing the total amount of extracted raw materials.
The third method of extraction of natural stone is carried out by means of a stone cutter. This is the most expensive, but also the most effective way, when high-tech machines with special saws cut the rock into smooth blocks, without damaging the structure of the stone and preserving its natural qualities.